| Taylor Swift | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Taylor Alison Swift |
| Born | December 13, 1989 Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Genres | Country, country pop, pop, pop rock |
| Instruments | Vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, banjo guitar, ukulele, piano |
| Years active | 2003–present |
| Labels | Big Machine |
| Website | taylorswift.com |
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter. Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of fourteen to pursue a career in country music. She signed to the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift's eponymous debut album in 2006 established her as a country music star. "Our Song", her third single, made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number one song on the country chart. She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 2008 Grammy Awards.
Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop crossover success of the singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless became the best-selling album of 2009 and was supported by an extensive concert tour. The record won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. Swift's third album, 2010's Speak Now, sold over one million copies in its first week of US release and was supported by the Speak Now World Tour. The album's third single, "Mean", won two Grammy Awards. Swift's fourth album, Red,
was released in 2012. Its opening US sales of 1.2 million were the
highest recorded in a decade, with Swift becoming the only female artist
to have two million-plus opening weeks. The singles "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "I Knew You Were Trouble" were worldwide hits. The North American leg of Swift's Red Tour will run until September 2013.
Swift is known for her narrative songs about her experiences as a
teenager and young adult. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Swift's other achievements include seven Grammy Awards, twelve Billboard Music Awards, eleven American Music Awards, seven Country Music Association Awards and six Academy of Country Music Awards.
She has sold over 26 million albums and 75 million digital downloads
worldwide. In addition to her music career, Swift has appeared as an
actress in the crime drama CSI (2009), the ensemble comedy Valentine's Day (2010), the animated film The Lorax (2012) and the sitcom New Girl (2013). Forbes
estimates that she is worth over $220 million. As a philanthropist,
Swift supports arts education, children's literacy, natural disaster
relief, LGBT anti-discrimination.
Early life
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, is a Merrill Lynch financial adviser.[2] He was raised in Pennsylvania, and is the descendant of three generations of bank presidents.[1][3] Her mother, Andrea (née Finlay), is a homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive.[4]
Andrea spent the first ten years of her life in Singapore, before
settling in Texas; her father was an oil rig engineer who worked
throughout Southeast Asia.[3] Swift was given a gender-neutral name because her mother believed it would help her forge a successful business career.[5] She has a younger brother, Austin, who attends the University of Notre Dame.[6] She spent the early years of her life on an eleven-acre Christmas tree farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by Franciscan nuns,[7] and was later educated at the Wyndcroft School, a co-ed private school located in Pottstown, Pennsylvania.[8] When Swift was nine years old, the family moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended West Reading Elementary Center and Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.[9] She also participated in Vacation Bible School programmes.[10] Swift summered at her parents' beachfront vacation home in Stone Harbor, New Jersey and has described it as the place "where most of my childhood memories were formed".[11]
Swift's family owned several Quarter horses and a Shetland pony and her first hobby was English horse riding.[12] Her mother first put her in a saddle when she was nine months old and she later competed in horse shows.[13]
At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theatre. She
performed in many Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions and traveled
regularly to Broadway for vocal and acting lessons.[14][15] Swift then turned her attention to country music; Shania Twain's songs made her "want to just run around the block four times and daydream about everything".[16]
She spent her weekends performing at local festivals, fairs,
coffeehouses, karaoke contests, garden clubs, Boy Scout meetings and
sporting events.[3][4][17] At the age of eleven, after many failed attempts,[18] Swift won a local talent competition by singing a rendition of LeAnn Rimes's "Big Deal", and was given the opportunity to appear as the opening act for Charlie Daniels at a Strausstown amphitheater.[14] This growing ambition began to isolate Swift from her middle school peers.[1]
After watching a Behind the Music episode about Faith Hill, Swift felt sure that she needed to go to Nashville, Tennessee to pursue a music career.[19] At the age of eleven, she traveled with her mother to Nashville for spring break to leave a demo of Dolly Parton and Dixie Chicks karaoke covers with record labels along Music Row.[20]
She received label rejections and realized that "everyone in that town
wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need
to figure out a way to be different".[21]
At the age of twelve, Swift was shown by a computer repairman how to
play three chords on a guitar, inspiring her to write her first song,
"Lucky You".[22]
She had previously won a national poetry contest with a poem entitled
"Monster in My Closet" but now began to focus on songwriting.[23]
In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with New York-based
music manager Dan Dymtrow. With Dymtrow's help, Swift modelled for Abercrombie and Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign, had an original song included in a Maybelline Cosmetics compilation CD and took meetings with major record labels.[24] After performing original songs at an RCA Records showcase, the eighth-grader was given an artist development deal and began making frequent trips to Nashville with her mother.[25]
When Swift was fourteen, her father transferred to the Nashville
office of Merrill Lynch and the family relocated to a lakefront house in
Hendersonville, Tennessee.[1] Swift later described this as "an incredible sacrifice" for her family to make.[20] "My parents saw that I was so obsessed, that I wasn't going to drop it, that it wasn't some adolescent phase."[26] In Tennessee, she attended Hendersonville High School for her freshman and sophomore years.[27]
Later, to accommodate her touring schedule, Swift transferred to the
Aaron Academy, a private Christian school which offered homeschooling
services. She earned her high school diploma in 2008, having completed
her final two years of course work in twelve months.[28][29]
Music career
2004–08: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift
Swift moved to Nashville at the age of fourteen. As part of her
artist development deal with RCA Records, she had writing sessions with
experienced Music Row songwriters such as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally and The Warren Brothers.[30][31] She eventually formed a lasting working relationship with Liz Rose. Swift saw Rose performing at an RCA songwriter event and suggested that they write together.[32] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[33]
Rose has said that the sessions were "some of the easiest I've ever
done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened
in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying
to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks".[34] Swift also began recording demos with producer Nathan Chapman.[32] After performing at a BMI Songwriter's Circle showcase at The Bitter End, New York,[31] Swift became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house.[35]
Swift left RCA Records when she was fifteen; the company wanted her to
record the work of other songwriters and wait until she was eighteen to
release an album, but she felt ready to launch her career with her own
material.[18][36] She also parted ways with manager Dan Dymtrow, who later took legal action against Swift and her parents.[24]
"'I genuinely felt that I was running out of time," Swift later
recalled. "I wanted to capture these years of my life on an album while
they still represented what I was going through."[37] At an industry showcase at Nashville's Bluebird Cafe in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a DreamWorks Records executive who was preparing to form his own independent record label, Big Machine Records.
She became one of the label's first signings, with her father
purchasing a three per cent stake in the fledgling company at an
estimated cost of $120,000.[38][39] As an introduction to the country music business, Borchetta arranged for Swift to intern as an artist escort at the CMA Music Festival.[40]
Swift began working on her eponymous debut album
shortly after signing her record deal. After experimenting with veteran
Nashville producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo
producer Nathan Chapman. It was his first time to record a studio album
but Swift felt they had the right "chemistry".[18]
Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, including two singles,
and co-wrote the remaining eight with writers such as Liz Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia.[41] Musically, the album has been described as "a mix of trad-country instruments and spry rock guitars".[42] Taylor Swift was released in October 2006. The New York Times
described it as "a small masterpiece of pop-minded country, both
wide-eyed and cynical, held together by Ms. Swift's firm, pleading
voice."[43] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones described the sixteen-year-old Swift as a "prodigy". He noted that "Our Song" "stop[ed] me in my tracks" and praised the lyrics: "He's got a one-hand feel on the steering wheel, the other on my heart".[44] Rolling Stone described Swift as "bright-eyed but remarkably seasoned", and admired "Our Song"'s "insanely hooky sing-song melody that's as Britney as it is Patsy".[42]
Big Machine Records was still in its infancy upon the release of the lead single "Tim McGraw" in June 2006, and Swift and her mother helped "stuff the CD singles into envelopes to send to radio".[45] She spent much of 2006 promoting Taylor Swift in a radio tour and later commented, "Radio tours for most artists last six weeks. Mine lasted six months."[18] Swift baked cookies and painted canvases to gift to radio station programmers who played her music.[46] She made many television appearances, including on the Grand Ole Opry,[47] Good Morning America,[48] and TRL.[49] Swift, a self-described "kid of the internet", used Myspace to build a fanbase.[50] This was, at the time, "revolutionary in country music".[51]
Borchetta has said that his decision to sign a sixteen-year-old
singer-songwriter initially raised eyebrows among his record industry
peers but Swift tapped into a previously unknown market: teenage girls
who listen to country music.[51] Following "Tim McGraw", four further singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008: "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn" and "Should've Said No". All were highly successful on the Billboard Hot Country Songs
chart, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" both reaching number
one. "Our Song" made Swift the youngest person to single-handedly write
and sing a number one country song.[52] "Teardrops on My Guitar" became a minor pop hit; it reached number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[53] The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week of release[54] and, as of March 2011, has sold over 5.5 million copies worldwide.[55] Swift also released a holiday album, Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, in October 2007 and an EP, Beautiful Eyes, in July 2008.[56][57]
Swift toured extensively in support of Taylor Swift. In addition to her own material, Swift played covers of songs by Beyoncé, Rihanna, John Waite, Lynyrd Skynyrd and Eminem.[58][59][60] She conducted meet-and-greet sessions with fans before and after her concerts; these lasted for up to four hours.[61]
As well as festival and theater dates, Swift performed as an opening
act for several country artists' concert tours. In late 2006, she opened
for Rascal Flatts on the final nine dates of their Me & My Gang Tour, after the previous supporting act Eric Church was fired.[48]
Swift later sent Church her first gold record with a note: "Thanks for
playing 'too long' and 'too loud' on the Flatts tour. I sincerely
appreciate it. Taylor".[62] In 2007, she served as the opening act on twenty dates for George Strait's tour,[63] several dates on Kenny Chesney's Flip-Flop Summer Tour,[64] selected dates on Brad Paisley's Bonfires & Amplifiers Tour[65] and several dates for Tim McGraw and Faith Hill's joint Soul2Soul II Tour.[66] Swift again opened for Rascal Flatts on their Still Feels Good Tour in 2008.[67] Swift and Alan Jackson were jointly named the Nashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist of the Year in 2007, with Swift becoming the youngest person ever to be honored with the title.[68] She also won the Country Music Association's Horizon Award for Best New Artist,[69] the Academy of Country Music Awards's Top New Female Vocalist award[70] and the American Music Awards's Favorite Country Female Artist honor.[71] She was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy Award in the category of Best New Artist, but lost to Amy Winehouse.[72]
2008–10: Fearless, VMA controversy and Grammy backlash
Swift's second studio album, Fearless,
was released in November 2008. Swift wrote seven of the album's songs
alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining six with
songwriters Liz Rose, John Rich, Colbie Caillat and Hillary Lindsey.[73] She co-produced the album with Nathan Chapman.[73]
Musically, it has been said that the record is characterized by "loud,
lean guitars and rousing choruses", with the occasional "bit of fiddle
and banjo tucked into the mix".[74] The New York Times
described Swift as "one of pop's finest songwriters, country's foremost
pragmatist and more in touch with her inner life than most adults".[75] The Village Voice
felt she displayed "preternatural wisdom and inclusiveness",
"masterfully avoiding the typical diarist's pitfalls of trite banality
and pseudo-profound bullshit".[76] Rolling Stone
described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for
verse-chorus-bridge architecture" whose "squirmingly intimate and true"
songs seemed to be "literally ripped from a suburban girl's diary".[74] Music critic Robert Christgau characterized Swift as "an uncommonly-to-impossibly strong and gifted teenage girl".[77] Swift promoted Fearless heavily upon its release. An episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show was dedicated to the album launch and Swift appeared on many other chat shows.[51][78] She communicated with fans using social media platforms such as Twitter and personal video blogs.[51] The lead single from the album, "Love Story", was released in September 2008 and became the second best-selling country single of all time, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[79] Four more singles were released throughout 2008 and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and "Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting single, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[80] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 Album Chart with sales of 592,304 and has since sold over 8.6 million copies worldwide.[81] It was the top-selling album of 2009 and brought Swift much crossover success.[82]
Swift carried out her first headlining tour in support of Fearless. As part of the 105-date Fearless Tour, Swift played 90 dates in North America, six dates in Europe, eight dates in Australia and one date in Asia.[83] She sang a cover of Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around... Comes Around" nightly, intertwined with her own "You're Not Sorry".[84] Swift invited John Mayer, Faith Hill and Katy Perry to perform one-off duets with her at various dates during the North American tour, while Justin Bieber, Kellie Pickler and Gloriana were the support acts.[85] The tour was attended by more than 1.1 million fans and grossed over $63 million.[86] Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and Blu-ray.[87] Swift also performed as a supporting act for Keith Urban's Escape Together World Tour.[88]
In addition to tour dates, the singer paid tribute to a number of
fellow artists in televised performances. She performed a cover of Alan
Jackson's "Drive (For Daddy Gene)" at the CMT Giants: Alan Jackson event, took part in a joint, televised concert with rock band Def Leppard in Nashville, and performed a cover of George Strait's "Run" at a televised ACM event honoring Strait as the Artist of the Decade.[89] Swift sang her song "Fifteen" with Miley Cyrus at the 51st Grammy Awards and performed a self-penned rap skit with T-Pain at the CMT Awards.[90] Swift also recorded a number of side-projects. She released a cover of Tom Petty's "American Girl" through Rhapsody in 2009[91] and made her stage entrance to Petty's recording of the song until 2013.[92] She contributed backing vocals to John Mayer's "Half of My Heart", a single featured on his fourth album.[93] She co-wrote and recorded "Best Days of Your Life" with Kellie Pickler[94] and co-wrote two songs for the Hannah Montana: The Movie soundtrack – "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and "Crazier" – with Martin Johnson and Robert Ellis Orrall, respectively.[95] Swift also provided vocals for Boys Like Girls's "Two Is Better Than One", written by Martin Johnson.[96] She contributed two songs – including "Today Was a Fairytale" – to the Valentine's Day soundtrack[97] and recorded a cover of Better Than Ezra's "Breathless" for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[98]
Swift became the first country music artist to win an MTV Video Music Award when "You Belong with Me" was named Best Female Video in 2009.[99] Her acceptance speech was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, who had been involved in a number of other award show incidents.[100] In the event's press room, Swift, a fan of West's music,[101] denied having "any hard feelings" towards him.[102][103] The incident received much media attention and inspired many Internet memes.[104]
A few days later, Swift told an interviewer that West offered her a
personal apology, which she accepted: "He was very sincere."[99]
She refused to discuss the incident in subsequent interviews so as not
to make a "bigger deal" of it: "It happened on TV, so everybody saw what
happened ... It's not something I feel like we need to keep talking
about."[105] It has been said that the incident and subsequent media attention turned Swift into "a bona-fide mainstream celebrity".[106]
Swift won four Grammy Awards in 2010, from a total of eight nominations.[107] Fearless was named Album of the Year and Best Country Album, while "White Horse" was named Best Country Song and Best Female Country Vocal Performance.[108] She was the youngest ever artist to win Album of the Year.[109] During the ceremony, Swift sang "Rhiannon" and "You Belong with Me" with Stevie Nicks. Her vocal performance received negative reviews and sparked a widespread media backlash.[106][110] Her vocals were described variously as "badly off-key", "strikingly bad" and "incredibly wretched".[111][112] While The New York Times
found it "refreshing to see someone so gifted make the occasional flub"
and described Swift as "the most important new pop star of the past few
years",[109] music analyst Bob Lefsetz
predicted that her career would end "overnight". He publicly appealed
to Swift's father to hire a "crisis publicity agent" to manage the story
because "Taylor's too young and dumb to understand the mistake she
made".[113][114] Stevie Nicks, writing in Time,
defended the singer: "Taylor reminds me of myself in her determination
and her childlike nature. It's an innocence that's so special and so
rare. This girl writes the songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John
... The female rock-'n'-roll-country-pop songwriter is back, and her
name is Taylor Swift. And it's women like her who are going to save the
music business."[115] Fearless won many other accolades and has become the most awarded album in country music history.[116]
Swift became the youngest ever artist and one of only six women to be
named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association.[117] Fearless also won the Association's Album of the Year award.[117] Swift was the youngest ever artist to win the Academy of Country Music's Album of the Year honor.[118] The American Music Awards honored Swift with Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album plaudits.[119] She was awarded the Hal David Starlight Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame[120] and was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association.[121] Billboard named her 2009's Artist of the Year.[122] Swift was included in Time's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in 2010.[115]
2010–12: Speak Now and world tour
Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now, in October 2010. She wrote all fourteen songs alone and co-produced the record with longtime collaborator Nathan Chapman.[123]
Musically, it has been said that the album "expands beyond country-pop
to border both alternative rock and dirty bubblegum pop".[124] The New York Times described the album as savage, musically diverse and "excellent too, possibly her best".[123] The Village Voice
remarked that the album demanded "a true appreciation of Swift's
talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic: Like a procession of
country songwriters before her, she creates characters and
situations—some from life—and finds potent ways to describe them."[125]
Music critic Robert Christgau found the album's songs "overlong and
overworked" but remarked that "they evince an effort that bears a
remarkable resemblance to care—that is, to caring in the best, broadest,
and most emotional sense".[77] Rolling Stone
described Swift as one of the best songwriters in "pop, rock or
country": "Swift might be a clever Nashville pro who knows all the
hitmaking tricks, but she's also a high-strung, hyper-romantic gal with a
melodramatic streak the size of the Atchafalaya Swamp".[126] Swift carried out an extensive promotional campaign prior to Speak Now's release.[127]
She appeared on various talk shows and morning shows, and gave free
mini-concerts in unusual locations, including an open-decker bus on Hollywood Boulevard and a departure lounge at JFK airport.[128] She took part in a "guitar pull" alongside Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Vince Gill and Lionel Richie at LA's Club Nokia; the musicians shared the stage and took turns introducing and playing acoustic versions of their songs to raise money for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.[129][130] The album's lead single, "Mine", was released in August 2010 and five further singles were released throughout 2010 and 2011: "Back to December", "Mean", "The Story of Us", "Sparks Fly" and "Ours".[131] Speak Now was a major commercial success, debuting at number one on the US Billboard
200 chart. Its opening sales of 1,047,000 copies made it the sixteenth
album in US history to sell one million copies in a single week.[132] As of February 2012, Speak Now has sold over 5.7 million copies worldwide.[133][134]
Swift toured throughout 2011 and early 2012 in support of Speak Now. As part of the thirteen-month, 111-date world tour, Swift played seven shows in Asia, twelve shows in Europe, 80 shows in North America and twelve shows in Australasia.[135] Swift invited many musicians to join her for one-off duets during the North American tour. Appearances were made by James Taylor, Jason Mraz, Shawn Colvin, Johnny Rzeznik, Andy Grammer, Tal Bachman, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Nicki Minaj, Nelly, B.o.B, Usher, Flo Rida, T.I., Jon Foreman, Jim Adkins, Hayley Williams, Hot Chelle Rae, Ronnie Dunn, Darius Rucker, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney.[136][137] During the North American tour leg, Swift wrote different song lyrics on her left arm for each performance and has said that the lyrics should be viewed as a nightly "mood ring".[138][139] Swift performed many acoustic cover versions during her North American tour. In each city, she paid tribute to a homegrown artist.[140] She has said the cover versions allowed her to be "spontaneous" in an otherwise well-rehearsed show.[141] The tour was attended by over 1.6 million fans and grossed over $123 million.[135] Swift's first live album, Speak Now World Tour: Live, featuring all seventeen performances from the North American leg of the tour, was released in November 2011.[142]
At the 54th Grammy Awards, Swift's song "Mean" won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance.[143]
She also performed the song during the ceremony. Bob Lefsetz, one of
the most vocal critics of her 2010 Grammy performance, believes the song
is addressed to him.[144][145] Lefsetz had previously been a supporter of the singer's career,[146] and Swift and Lefsetz had corresponded occasionally by email and telephone.[144] Time felt she "delivered her comeback on-key and with a vengeance"[147] while USA Today remarked that the criticism in 2010 seemed to have "made her a better songwriter and live performer".[148] Swift won various other awards for Speak Now. She was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association in both 2010 and 2011.[149][150] She was named Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of Country Music in both 2011 and 2012[151] and was named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2011.[152] Swift was the American Music Awards's Artist of the Year in 2011, while Speak Now was named Favorite Country Album.[153] Billboard named Swift 2011's Woman of the Year.[154]
While Swift was completing her fourth album in the summer of 2012,
James Taylor invited her to appear as a special guest during his Tanglewood set; they performed "Fire and Rain", "Love Story" and "Ours" together.[155]
Taylor, who first met Swift when she was eighteen, has said that, "we
just hit it off. I loved her songs, and her presence on stage was so
great".[156][157] During this period, Swift also contributed two original songs to The Hunger Games soundtrack album. "Safe & Sound" was co-written and recorded with The Civil Wars and T-Bone Burnett.[158] John Paul White has said working with Swift was "a revelation ... It truly was a collaboration."[159] It was released as the album's lead single and, as of January 2013, has sold over 1.4 million copies in the United States.[160] It won Best Song Written For Visual Media at the 2013 Grammy Awards and was nominated for Best Original Song at the 70th Golden Globe Awards.[161] Swift's second contribution to the album, "Eyes Open", was written solely by the singer and produced by Nathan Chapman.[162] In addition, Swift contributed vocals to "Both of Us", a Dr. Luke-produced single from B.o.B's second album Strange Clouds.[163]
2012–present: Red and intense media scrutiny
Swift's fourth studio album, Red, was released in October 2012.[164] She wrote nine of the album's sixteen songs alone. The remaining seven were co-written with Max Martin, Liz Rose, Dan Wilson, Ed Sheeran and Gary Lightbody. Nathan Chapman served as the album's lead producer but Jeff Bhasker, Butch Walker, Jacknife Lee, Dann Huff and Shellback also produced individual tracks. Chapman has said he encouraged Swift "to branch out and to test herself in other situations".[165] Musically, while there is experimentation with heartland rock, dubstep and dance-pop, it is "sprinkled among more recognisably Swiftian fare".[166][167] Jon Caramanica of The New York Times placed Red
at number two on his end-of-year list, characterizing it as the album
on which Swift "stops pretending she’s anything but a pop megastar, one
with grown-up concerns, like how two bodies speak to each other and how
taste in records can be a stand-in for moral turpitude."[168] The Times praised her "sublime" lyrics, particularly those on the "brooding" "All Too Well".[169] Rolling Stone enjoyed "watching Swift find her pony-footing on Great Songwriter Mountain. She often succeeds in joining the Joni/Carole King tradition of stark-relief emotional mapping ... Her self-discovery project is one of the best stories in pop."[170]
As part of the Red promotional campaign, representatives from
72 worldwide radio stations were flown to Nashville during release week
for individual interviews with Swift.[171]
She also appeared on many television chat shows and performed at award
ceremonies in the US, the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Australia.[172] The album's lead single, "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together", became Swift's first number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.[173] Three further singles have been released: "Begin Again" (for country radio), "I Knew You Were Trouble" and "22" (for pop and international radio). Red debuted at number one on the Billboard
200 with first-week sales of 1.21 million copies; this marked the
highest opening sales in a decade and made Swift the first female to
have two million-selling album openings.[174] As of May 2013, Red had sold over 5.2 million copies worldwide.[175] In her career, as of November 2012, she had sold in excess of 26 million albums and 75 million song downloads.[176]
The North American leg of Swift's Red Tour runs from March to September 2013. She is playing 66 dates across North America, including thirteen stadium shows.[177] She has invited special guests such Nelly, B.o.B, Train and Neon Trees to duet with her on various nights of the tour.[178] The Red Tour will visit stadiums across Australia in December 2013.[179] Swift has collaborated with a number of other artists in the Red era. She performed "As Tears Go By" with The Rolling Stones in Chicago as part of their 50 & Counting Tour.[180] She provided guest vocals for a Tim McGraw song entitled "Highway Don't Care", featuring guitar work by Keith Urban; the trio performed the song live on two occasions.[181] She also joined Florida Georgia Line on stage during their set at the 2013 Country Radio Seminar to sing "Cruise".[182] Ed Sheeran, who features on Red and appears as a support act on the Red Tour, has revealed that the pair plan to write further material together while touring.[183] Swift won three MTV Europe Music Awards in 2012, including the honors for Best Female and Best Live Act.[184] She was named Best Female Country Artist at the 2012 American Music Awards.[185] The Nashville Songwriters Association's 2012 Songwriter/Artist Award went to Swift for the fifth year in a row.[186] "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" was nominated for Record of the Year at the 2013 Grammy Awards.[187]
In the Red era, Swift's dating life became the subject of intense media scrutiny. The New York Times
asserted that Swift's "dating history has begun to stir what feels like
the beginning of a backlash" and questioned whether Swift was in the
midst of a "quarter-life crisis".[188] The Village Voice
remarked: "From late-night monologues, to the kids on 4chan, her
breakups have become her defining characteristic and easiest detraction
... There are some obvious reasons; she's young, she can be
contentiously dramatic, she puts herself in the center of her stories,
and obviously she's dated a lot of famous people in a relatively short
amount of time. But none of that is exceptionally rare -- pop-stars have
lead [sic] vogue, ecumenical lifestyles for a long time ... It should
be a little bit uncomfortable that Swift's earnestness can be so easily
discredited when plenty of other, more egregious songwriters are let off
the hook ... It's really easy to dismiss a blonde girl trying to play
by the rules."[189]
Artistry
Influences
One of Swift's earliest musical memories is listening to her maternal
grandmother, Marjorie Finlay (née Moehlenkamp), sing at church.[8][190] In her youth, Finlay was a recording star in Puerto Rico and performed in operas in Singapore.[3]
As a very young child, Swift enjoyed Disney movie soundtracks: "My
parents noticed that, once I had run out of words, I would just make up
my own".[20][191] Later, her parents exposed her to artists including James Taylor, Simon & Garfunkel and Def Leppard.[192][193] Swift has said she owes her confidence to her mother, who helped her prepare for class presentations as a child.[194] She also attributes her "fascination with writing and storytelling" to her mother.[195] Swift enjoyed both reading and writing poetry and was particularly drawn to the works of Shel Silverstein and Dr. Seuss.[3][196] She remains interested "in any writing from a child's perspective" and has cited To Kill a Mockingbird as one of her favorite books.[46]
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Shania Twain (left), Stevie Nicks (centre) and Carly Simon (right) have influenced Swift
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Swift was introduced to country music by "the great female country artists of the '90s ... Shania, Faith, the Dixie Chicks".[58][197] She was drawn to both the sound and storytelling of country music.[198] Shania Twain, both as a songwriter and performer, was her biggest musical influence.[199] Faith Hill was Swift's childhood role model and she tried to copy "everything she said, did, wore".[200][201] Swift admired the Dixie Chicks's defiant attitude and their ability to play their own instruments.[3][202] The band's "Cowboy Take Me Away" was the first song Swift learned to play on the guitar.[203] She then began to explore the music of older country stars, including Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn, Tammy Wynette and Dolly Parton.[3][204] Lynn's "Fist City" is one of Swift's favorite country songs.[3] She believes Parton is "an amazing example to every female songwriter out there".[201] Other mainstream country influences include Miranda Lambert,[205] Dwight Yoakam,[206] George Strait,[3] Garth Brooks,[58] Kenny Chesney,[201] Reba McEntire,[207] Alan Jackson,[3] Martina McBride,[208] LeAnn Rimes,[209] Tim McGraw[210] and Brad Paisley.[211] Swift also admires alt-country artists such as Ryan Adams,[212] Patty Griffin,[213] Lori McKenna[214] and Bon Iver.[215]
Swift has been influenced by many artists outside the country genre. As a pre-teen, she enjoyed bubblegum pop acts including Hanson and Britney Spears; she still has "unwavering devotion" for Spears.[216] In her high school years, Swift listened to emo bands such as Dashboard Confessional,[217] Fall Out Boy,[218] The All-American Rejects[219] and Jimmy Eat World.[220] She was also a fan of contemporary female singer-songwriters including Michelle Branch,[220] Pink,[221] Alanis Morissette,[222] Ashlee Simpson,[223] Kelly Clarkson,[224] Fefe Dobson[220] and Avril Lavigne.[224] Swift closely followed the musical supervision on the television dramas The O.C. and Grey's Anatomy, downloading "every" song featured.[215] She was a fan of hip hop music, particularly the rhyming patterns used by artists such as Eminem: "Pride [in a lifestyle] is something that both country and hip-hop share".[3] Swift also drew inspiration from the catalogues of veteran artists. She describes Stevie Nicks as a "hero" who "has inspired me in so many ways."[160][225] Tom Petty, she has said, "is on a pedestal for me".[12] She is "obsessed" with Sixties acts like The Shirelles, Doris Troy and The Beach Boys.[139][226] Influence also came from older female pop rock singers including Pat Benatar,[224][227] Melissa Etheridge,[227] Sarah McLachlan,[222] Shawn Colvin[228] and Linda Ronstadt.[229][230]
Swift lists Paul McCartney, Bruce Springsteen, Emmylou Harris, Kris Kristofferson and Carly Simon as her career role models: "They've taken chances, but they've also been the same artist for their entire careers."[228][231][232] McCartney, both as a Beatle
and a solo artist, makes Swift feel "as if I've been let into his heart
and his mind": "Any musician could only dream of a legacy like that."[233] She admires Springsteen because he is "so musically relevant after such a long period of time".[234] She aspires to be like Harris as she grows older: "It’s not about fame for her, it’s about music."[235]
Swift says of Kristofferson: "He shines in songwriting ... He's just
one of those people who has been in this business for years but you can
tell it hasn't chewed him up and spat him out".[236] She admires Simon's "songwriting and honesty": "She's known as an emotional person but a strong person."[237]
Peer recognition
Swift's work has received praise from veteran artists. Neil Young
describes her as "a great writer": "I like Taylor Swift. I like
listening to her. I kind of like watching her respond to all the
attacks. I like the ways she's defining herself. So I keep my eye on
it".[238][239] Stephen Stills
has defended Swift's confessional writing style: “How many times do
people want to make fun of [her] for writing a song about getting
dumped? I’m sorry, that’s what you do as a songwriter ... Wear your
heart on your sleeve, then just write about it. Fuck ‘em. If I was
young, I would be one of Taylor Swift’s conquests because I would stalk
her.”[240][241][242] James Taylor,
who has performed with Swift on two occasions, has said that "we just
hit it off. I loved her songs, and her presence on stage was so great".[156][157] Judy Collins points to Swift as an example of a current star who is continuing on the lineage of being an independent-minded artist.[243] Kris Kristofferson
claims that "she blows me away. It's amazing to me that someone so
young is writing such great songs. She's got a great career ahead of
her".[244][245] Janis Ian notes that Swift "changed the face of music, songwriting and guitar playing for girls ... There is an authenticity there."[246] Stevie Nicks believes Swift writes "songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John ... It's women like her who are going to save the music business".[115]
She remarked that the younger singer's "Today Was A Fairytale" has
"stayed in my heart forever. And it just reminds me of me in a lot of
ways."[247] Steven Tyler of Aerosmith believes she is "beyond talented".[248] Jon Bon Jovi
describes her as "the real deal in every way, shape and form. She's a
writer, she's a singer, she's a beautiful girl ... Like, she's going to
be around."[249] Dolly Parton
is "extremely impressed with her, especially with her songwriting ....
I'm real impressed with the depth of her sometimes. She's got the
qualities that could last a long time".[250][251] Melissa Etheridge
remarks: "I love her soul, her spirit. I think she’s going to surprise
people and I think she’s going to be around for a long time."[252][253]
Swift has also received songwriting praise from contemporaries. John Mayer
was a supporter of Swift's early career; the duo recorded a duet and
performed in concert together on two occasions: "You could put her in a
time machine in any era and she would have a hit record."[254] She has also received praise from Drake,[255] Alicia Keys,[256] Tegan and Sara,[257][258] Grimes,[259] Kesha,[260] Katy Perry,[261] Kelly Clarkson[262] and Lady Gaga.[263] Ryan Adams has said that "every tune of hers is like the one you wait a whole lifetime to write".[264] Kathleen Hanna is "totally into Taylor Swift. I think she has super-clever lyrics, and I love that she writes her own music."[265] Shirley Manson
remarked that she is "exceedingly talented at songwriting ... She drew
her own door and walked right through it. We should applaud her balls
for bucking the system. That's what artists are supposed to do."[266] Lena Dunham, the creator and star of HBO's television series Girls, has described Swift as her "artistic kindred spirit."[267]
Lyrical themes and style
Thematically, The Guardian has noted that Swift was
"fantastically good at regarding teenage life with a kind of wistful,
sepia-toned nostalgia" over the course of her first two albums.[268] New York Magazine
has remarked that few singer-songwriters have written "great records so
explicitly about their teens ... Her nearest antecedent might be
sixties-era Brian Wilson, the one true adolescent auteur before she came along".[269] Comparisons have also been drawn with Janis Ian.[231] Fairytale imagery featured on Swift's second album, Fearless. She explored the disconnect "between fairy tales and the reality of love".[270][271] Her third and fourth albums addressed more adult relationships.[232]
In addition to romance and love, Swift's songs have discussed
parent-child relationships ("The Best Day", "Never Grow Up", "Ronan"),
friendships ("Fifteen", "Breathe", "22"),[272][273]
alienation ("The Outside", "A Place In This World", "Tied Together with
a Smile", "Mean") and career ambitions ("Change", "Long Live", "The
Lucky One").[274][275]
Her defining quality as a songwriter, it has been said, is "a
determination to register and hang onto fleeting feelings and
impressions, a pre-emptive nostalgia for a present (and sometimes even a
future) that she knows will some day be in the past".[276]
Swift frequently includes "a tossed-off phrase to suggest large and
serious things that won't fit in the song, things that enhance or
subvert the surface narrative".[277] The New Yorker
has said that her songs, "though they are not subversive, have a
certain sophistication ... Sentimental songs are laced with intimations
of future disillusionment".[278]
Structurally, Slate notes that Swift has "effortless,
preternatural mastery of pop conventions: Very few songwriters can build
better bridges than she does."[279] Rolling Stone has described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture".[280] The Village Voice has noted that Swift uses third-verse POV reversals frequently.[277] She has a tendency to use the same images repeatedly. In the words of The Guardian, "she spends so much time kissin' in the rain that it seems a miracle she hasn't developed trenchfoot".[268] However, "to Swift's credit, she explores new lyrical motifs over the course of [her fourth] album."[167] American Songwriter
describes Swift as "a great songwriter, who writes with an unmatched
and almost unnatural acuity ... Even her earliest material is
characterized by thoughtful – perhaps meticulous – word choice and
deliberate melodic construction, with nary a lazy rhyme or aimless tune
to be found."[281][282] While reviews of Swift's work are "almost uniformly positive", The New Yorker has said she is generally portrayed "more as a skilled technician than as a Dylanesque visionary".[231]
"For a female to write about her feelings, and then be portrayed as
some clingy, insane, desperate girlfriend in need of making you marry
her and have kids with her, I think that's taking something that
potentially should be celebrated — a woman writing about her feelings in
a confessional way — that's taking it and turning it and twisting it
into something that is frankly a little sexist."
— Swift in response to criticism of her songwriting[283]
Swift uses autobiographical detail in her work.[284]
Listening to music as a child, she felt confused "when I knew something
was going on in someone's personal life and they didn't address it in
their music".[285] The New York Times believes that "righting wrongs is Ms. Swift's raison d'être".[286] In her songs, Swift often addresses the "anonymous crushes of her high school years" and, more recently, fellow celebrities.[286]
John Mayer, the presumed subject of "Dear John", has said the song
"humiliated" him: "I think it's kind of cheap songwriting. I know she's
the biggest thing in the world, and I'm not trying to sink anybody's
ship, but I think it's abusing your talent to rub your hands together
and go, 'Wait till he gets a load of this!'"[287] The Village Voice
has downplayed this aspect of Swift's songwriting: "Being told What
Songs Mean is like having a really pushy professor. And it imperils a
true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but
dramatic."[288] New York Magazine
believes the media scrutiny over her decision to use autobiographical
detail "is sexist, inasmuch as it’s not asked of her male peers": "It’s a
relief to see Swift, the ur-nice-girl, refuse to give the mea culpa that many journalists she's talked to have sought."[289] The singer herself has said that all her songs are not factual[290] and are often based on observations.[291]
Aside from her liner note clues, Swift tries not to talk specifically
about song subjects "because these are real people. You try to give
insight as to where you were coming from as a writer without completely
throwing somebody under the bus."[292]
Musical and vocal style
Swift's music contains elements of country, country pop, pop and pop rock.[293][293][294] She self-identifies as a country artist.[295] Rolling Stone asserts that, "she might get played on the country station, but she's one of the few genuine rock stars we've got these days".[296]
Swift's own definition of country music "is really pretty simple. It's
when someone sings about their life and what they know, from an
authentic place ... One guy will write about how he grew up on a farm
and fell in love and raised kids on that same farm. Some people sing
about how, when they get sad, they go to the bar and drink whiskey. I
write songs about how I can't seem to figure out relationships and how
I'm fascinated by love".[295] She has said there will be "a huge temptation" to make an alt-country record as her career progresses.[43] The New York Times
notes that, "There isn't much in Ms. Swift's music to indicate country –
a few banjo strums, a pair of cowboy boots worn onstage, a bedazzled
guitar – but there's something in her winsome, vulnerable delivery
that's unique to Nashville."[297] The New Yorker
believes she is "considered part of Nashville's country-pop tradition
only because she writes narrative songs with melodic clarity and
dramatic shape—Nashville's stock-in-trade."[298] The Guardian has said that Swift "cranks melodies out with the pitiless efficiency of a Scandinavian pop factory".[268]
Swift's voice has been described as "sweet but soft".[299] In studio recordings, the Los Angeles Times
identifies Swift's "defining" vocal gesture as "the line that slides
down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow, giving her
beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy".[124] Rolling Stone, in a Speak Now
review, remarked: "Swift's voice is unaffected enough to mask how
masterful she has become as a singer; she lowers her voice for the
payoff lines in the classic mode of a shy girl trying to talk tough".[300] In another review of Speak Now, The Village Voice
noted that her phrasing was previously "bland and muddled, but that's
changed. She can still sound strained and thin, and often strays into a
pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's learned how to make words
sound like what they mean".[125]
In a live setting, Swift, according to The Hollywood Reporter, "does her best, but certainly doesn't have the pipes to go toe-to-toe with the likes of Christina Aguilera or Carrie Underwood".[299] Her live vocals have been described as "flat", "thin, and sometimes as wobbly as a newborn colt".[301][302] However, Swift has received praise for refusing to correct her pitch with Auto-Tune.[303][304][305] In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself primarily as a songwriter: "I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across".[1][306]
Scott Borchetta of Big Machine Records has conceded that Swift is "not
the best technical singer" but describes her as the "best communicator
that we've got".[307] Swift's vocal presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of work" into improving it.[308] It was reported in 2010 that she continues to take vocal lessons.[309][310] She has said that she only feels nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me, like at award shows".[311]
Public image
Swift has high Q Score and Davie-Brown Index ratings, reflecting a high level of public awareness (90 percent) and popularity (80 percent) in the United States.[312] The singer considers it her "responsibility" to be conscious of her influence on young fans.[313] A Rolling Stone
journalist who profiled Swift in 2009 remarked upon her polite manners:
"If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never
drops".[46][314] In 2012, Rolling Stone remarked upon Swift's "ease with glad-handing ... it's not hard to imagine her running for office someday"[315] while The Hollywood Reporter referred to her as "the Best People Person Since Bill Clinton".[316] It has been said that she is "the kind of driven, intensely ambitious person who’d thrive regardless of her profession".[317] A 2012 Vogue cover story described Swift as "clever and funny and occasionally downright bawdy" in person.[318] Grantland
describes Swift as "dorky" and "openly neurotic in a way you'd never
see from a blonde country princess like Faith Hill or Carrie Underwood.
She is more like Diane Keaton in Annie Hall: overly gracious and eager to please but full of a nonstop, nervous, fluttering energy".[319] There has been much media commentary about Swift's surprised reactions when she is recognized at award ceremonies.[320][321]
Swift laughingly noted that "people make so much fun of me". Although
she sometimes tries to act blasé, "it's just hard when you get excited
about stuff. It's like, if you win an award, isn't that crazy? ... How
do you sit there and be like 'Oh, another Grammy. I guess I'm gonna get
that now'?"[322]
In the early years of her career, Swift's signature look consisted of sundresses and cowboy boots.[323][324] This fashion style is still copied by many of the young fans who attend her concerts.[323][325] At formal events, Swift became known for "sparkly, beaded dresses".[323]
Her naturally curly hairstyle is replicated by fans, and Swift has
remarked: "I remember straightening my hair because I wanted to be like
everybody else, and now the fact that anybody would emulate what I do?
It's just funny."[325] She was asked by Vogue to cut bangs for a cover shoot in late 2011, and now straightens her hair.[326] Swift favors retro style and it has been said that she has the look of "a nineteen-thirties movie siren ... red lipstick, thick mascara."[327][328] She was named an Icon of American Style by Vogue in 2011.[329] She has named Françoise Hardy, Jane Birkin, Brigitte Bardot, and Audrey Hepburn as her own style inspirations.[330]
Product endorsements
While promoting her self-titled debut record, Swift appeared as a spokesmodel for l.e.i. jeans and as the face of Verizon Wireless' Mobile Music campaign.[331][332] In the Fearless era, she launched a l.e.i. sundress range at Wal-Mart,[333] and designed American Greetings cards and Jakks Pacific dolls.[334][335] She became a spokesperson for the NHL's Nashville Predators and Sony Cyber-shot digital cameras.[336][337] She performed in a commercial for the Band Hero video game, with Rivers Cuomo, Pete Wentz and Travis Barker appearing as her backing band.[338] In the Speak Now era, Swift became a CoverGirl spokesmodel,[339] launched two Elizabeth Arden fragrances, Wonderstruck and Wonderstruck Enchanted, and released a special edition of her album through Target.[340]
While promoting her fourth album Red, Swift offered exclusive album promotions through Target,[341] Papa John's[171] and Walgreens.[342] She became a spokesmodel for Diet Coke and Keds sneakers,[343]
released her third Elizabeth Arden fragrance entitled Taylor by Taylor
Swift, and continued her partnerships with Sony Electronics and American
Greetings. She also maintains an unofficial brand tie-in with Ralph Lauren.[344]
Acting career
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager.[345] The New York Times noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty, and credibly so".[346] Rolling Stone felt she "held her own" and "does a good job with the script"[347] while the Chicago Tribune said she "acquits herself well".[348] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[349] Entertainment Weekly
described her as "this season's best Saturday Night Live host so far",
noting that she "was always up for the challenge, seemed to be having
fun, and helped the rest of the cast nail the punchlines". Proving
"admirably resilient in a wide variety of sketch roles", "Swift inspired
more of a female, girly-in-the-best-sense sensibility in SNL than it's
shown since the Tina Fey-Amy Poehler days".[350]
Swift made her feature film acting debut in the 2010 ensemble comedy Valentine's Day, playing the ditzy Valley girlfriend of a high school jock.[351] The Los Angeles Times felt the performance suggested "serious comedic potential"[352] while the San Francisco Chronicle found her "very funny".[353] Time remarked that Swift portrayed her character "rather charmingly";[354] The Boston Globe described her as "adorably dorky".[355] Salon
asserted that she was "one of the few actors not wasted in "Valentine's
Day". Her overgrown-pixie look and odd, widely set eyes lend her a
little bit of Marilyn and a little bit of Lucille Ball: She's Taylor-made for comic greatness."[356] However, Variety
found her "entirely undirected ... she needs to find a skilled director
to tamp her down and channel her obviously abundant energy".[357] The Daily News described her performance as "painfully clunky" while Slant Magazine found her "unwatchable".[358][359] In 2012, Swift voiced the character of Audrey, a tree lover, in the animated film The Lorax.[360] In May 2013, Swift made a brief cameo on the sitcom New Girl
as Elaine, a woman who attends the wedding of a former lover; during
the service, the groom declares his love for Elaine and they leave the
ceremony together to elope.[361][362]
Philanthropy
Swift's philanthropic efforts have been recognised by the Do Something Awards,[363] The Giving Back Fund[364] and the Tennessee Disaster Services.[365] In 2012, Michelle Obama presented Swift with The Big Help Award for her "dedication to helping others" and "inspiring others through action".[366] Also that year, Kerry Kennedy of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
presented Swift with the Ripple of Hope Award because of her
"dedication to advocacy at such a young age ... Taylor is just the kind
of woman we want our daughters to be."[367][368]
Swift is a supporter of arts education. In 2010, she donated $75,000
to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school
auditorium's sound and lighting systems.[369] In 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund the building of a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville.[370]
The 7,500-square-foot building is scheduled to open in 2014 and will
facilitate new programs and workshops for teenagers and senior citizens.[371][372]
The space will include three classrooms and an exhibit space, and will
house interactive activities such as a musical petting zoo and a "wet"
classroom space to make concert posters and other art projects.[373]
Museum officials have decided to name it The Taylor Swift Education
Center and the singer will be involved in an advisory capacity.[374] Also in 2012, Swift partnered with textbook rental company Chegg to donate $60,000 to the music departments of six US colleges.[375][376]
Swift promotes children's literacy. In 2009, she donated $250,000 to
various schools around the country that she had either attended or had
other associations with. The money was used to buy books, fund
educational programs and help pay teachers' salaries.[377] In 2010, she took part in a live webcast, Read Now! with Taylor Swift, broadcast exclusively in US schools to celebrate Scholastic's Read Every Day campaign.[378][379] In 2011, Swift donated 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania[380] and, in 2012, she donated 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee.[381]
Most of the books were placed in circulation; the rest were gifted to
children from low-income families, preschools and daycare centers.[381] In 2012, she co-chaired the National Education Association's Read Across America campaign and recorded a PSA encouraging children to read.[382] Also in 2012, Swift promoted the "power of reading" in a second live Scholastic webcast, broadcast directly to US classrooms.[383] In 2013, through the Reach Out and Read initiative, she donated 2,000 Scholastic books to the Reading Hospital Child Health Center's early literacy program.[384]
Throughout her career, Swift has donated money to help victims of
natural disasters. In 2008, she donated the proceeds from her
merchandise sales at the Country Music Festival to the Red Cross's disaster relief fund.[385] Later that year, she donated $100,000 to the Red Cross to help the victims of the Iowa flood of 2008.[386] In 2009, Swift supported the Victorian Bushfire Appeal by joining the lineup at Sydney's Sound Relief concert,[387] reportedly making the biggest contribution of any artist to the Australian Red Cross.[388] In 2010, she took part in the Hope for Haiti telethon; she performed and answered phone calls from viewers wishing to donate money.[389] She also recorded a song for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[390] In response to the May 2010 Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a telethon hosted by WSMV.[391]
Later that year, she donated $100,000 to help rebuild a playground in
Hendersonville, Tennessee which was damaged by floodwater.[392]
In 2011, Swift used the final dress rehearsal for the North American
leg of her Speak Now tour as a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United States, raising more than $750,000.[393] She also donated $250,000 to Alabama football coach Nick Saban's charity, Nick's Kids, to aid in the tornado relief efforts of West Alabama.[394] In 2012, Swift supported Architecture for Humanity's Restore the Shore MTV telethon in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.[395]
Swift opposes LGBT discrimination. Following the 2008 murder of Larry King, she recorded a Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network PSA to combat hate crimes.[396] On the first anniversary of King's death, Swift told Seventeen that her parents taught her "never to judge others based on whom they love, what color their skin is, or their religion".[397]
In 2011, the music video for Swift's anti-bullying song "Mean" dealt in
part with homophobia in high schools; the video was later nominated for
an MTV VMA social activism award.[398][399][400] The New York Times
believes she is part of "a new wave of young (and mostly straight)
women who are providing the soundtrack for a generation of gay fans
coming to terms with their identity in a time of turbulent and confusing
cultural messages".[398]
The singer is involved with a number of charities which provide
services to sick children. In 2008, she donated a pink Chevy pick-up
truck to the Victory Junction Gang Camp; the truck is used to transport sick children from the airport to the camp.[401] In 2009, after performing at the BBC Children in Need annual telethon, she donated $20,000 to the cause.[402] In 2011, as the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee. This figure was matched by the Academy.[403] In 2012, Swift participated in the Stand Up to Cancer telethon, performing "Ronan", a song she wrote in memory of a four-year-old boy who died of neuroblastoma. The song was made available for digital download, with all proceeds donated to cancer-related charities.[404] Swift has met with many sick fans through the Make-A-Wish Foundation.[405][406][407][408] She has also made private visits to hospitals such as St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, the Ronald McDonald House, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Children's Hospital & Medical Center and Vanderbilt Children's Hospital.[409][410][411][412][413][414]
Swift has encouraged young people to volunteer in their local community as part of Global Youth Service Day[415] and has promoted The @15 Fund, a social change platform underwritten by Best Buy, which gives teenagers the opportunity to direct the company's philanthropy.[416]
In 2007, she launched a campaign to protect children from online
predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of
Police.[417] Also in 2007, she supported an Allstate campaign which promotes safe teenage driving.[418] In 2009, Swift recorded a Sound Matters PSA to make listeners aware of the importance of listening "responsibly".[419] She appeared in a Got Milk? campaign in 2010.[420] Swift has donated auctionable items to a large number of charities, including the Elton John AIDS Foundation,[421] the UNICEF Tap Project,[422] Oxfam International,[423] Habitat for Humanity,[424] MusiCares[425] and Feeding America.[426] She has also performed at a number of benefit concerts, including for the Food Bank For New York City,[427] the Reading, Writing & Rhythm Foundation,[428] Christmas for Kids[429] and Shriners Hospitals for Children.[430]
Personal life
Swift lives between a three-bedroom duplex penthouse in Midtown Nashville, Tennessee[1][431] and a three-bedroom cottage in Beverly Hills, California.[432] She owns an eight-bedroom vacation home in coastal Watch Hill, Rhode Island.[433] In addition, Swift purchased her family a four-bedroom mansion in Belle Meade, Tennessee.[434] According to Forbes's Celebrity 100 list, released annually in the month of May, Swift earned $18 million in 2009,[435] $45 million in 2010,[436] $45 million in 2011,[437] $57 million in 2012[438] and $55 million in 2013.[439]
Relationships
Swift dated singer Joe Jonas from July to October 2008,[440][441] and actor Taylor Lautner from October to December 2009.[442][443] She was romantically linked to musician John Mayer from late 2009 until early 2010.[444][445][446][447] She dated actor Jake Gyllenhaal from October to December 2010.[448][449] Following their break-up, they were seen together in January and February 2011.[450][451] Swift dated political heir Conor Kennedy from July to September 2012.[452][453] She dated One Direction singer Harry Styles from October 2012 to January 2013.[454][455]
Politics
Swift says she registered to vote on her eighteenth birthday.[456][457] During the 2008 presidential campaign,
she supported the Every Woman Counts campaign, aimed at engaging women
in the political process, and was one of many country stars to record a public service announcement for the Vote (For Your) Country campaign.[458] She stated: "I don't think it's my job to try and influence people which way they should vote."[3] Following President Obama's inauguration, she told Rolling Stone
that she supported the president: "I've never seen this country so
happy about a political decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm
so glad this was my first election."[459]
In 2010, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush attended the taping of a Swift television special in Kennebunkport, Maine,[460] and later described Swift as "unspoiled" and "very nice".[461] In 2012, Swift was presented with a Kids' Choice Award in recognition of her charitable work by Michelle Obama,
who praised her as someone who "has rocketed to the top of the music
industry but still keeps her feet on the ground, someone who has
shattered every expectation of what a 22-year old can accomplish".[462] Swift later described the First Lady as "a role model".[463]
In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that, although she tries to keep
herself “as educated and informed as possible”, she doesn’t “talk about
politics because it might influence other people."[464] She has spoken of her interest in American history and has read books about Abraham Lincoln, John Adams, the Founding Fathers and Ellis Island.[465]
Swift is a friend of the Kennedy family. "She's a great friend of all of ours," Rory Kennedy has said. "She's awesome and we love her".[466] The singer has spoken of her admiration for Ethel Kennedy[467]
and, when asked about her friendship with Swift, Ethel replied, "Oh,
she is amazing! Such good company." Rory has said, "There is a mutual
admiration society between my mother and Taylor Swift and I just love
it! I think it says so much about Taylor – she has that ability to
connect and cross generations ... She's terrific and such a great role
model for young girls, as well as for all women, really ... She's just
so curious and interested".
